Tolypothrix
| Generic name: TOLYPOTHRIX Kützing ex Bornet et Flahault 1888. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 7, 5: 118. | ||||||||||
| Synonyms: SCLEROTHRIX Kützing, 1833. Alg. Aq. dulc., Dec. 2. no. 17.[TOLYPOTHRIX Kützing, Phycologia generalis, p. 227, 1843 ex Bornet et Flahault, 1888: Conferva, Oscillatoria, Scytonema, Calothrix, Sclerothrix, Hypheothrix, Lyngbya spec | ||||||||||
| Diagnosis: Bornet et Flahault (1888): Fila pseudo-ramosa; pseudo-rami solitarii eruptione laterali trichomatis formati, sub heterocysta ipsa, interdum, sed rarius, ad medium inter heterocystas egredientes. Caespites pulvinati vel floccosi. Plantae aquae dulcis. Sporae (ubi cognitae) sphaericae, ovatae vel ellipticae, absque ordine interjectae, saepe multiseriatae, exosporio laevi et tenui (secundum Borzi:). |
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| Type species: Tolypothrix distorta Kützing ex Bornet et Flahault 1888 | ||||||||||
| Descriptions: Komárek (1992): Filamentous; filaments heteropolar, united in fasciculate, caespitose colonies, or (later) clusters or wooly mats, with basal parts with heterocytes and free apical ends, commonly falsely branched, usually with solitary lateral branches (rarely with geminate branches - mainly in cultures); branches initiate usually at originally intercalar heterocytes (which are often unipored), long, waved, diverging from the main filaments or for a short distance joined to the main filament and later diverging. Sheaths thin or thick, joined to the trichome, sometimes lamellated, colourless or yellow-brown, open at the apex. Trichomes and branches uniserial, with one or several basal heterocytes (from which the basal one is usually unipored), cylindrical, not attenuated at the end, constricted or unconstricted at the cross walls. Cells cylindrical up to barrel-shaped, isodiametric or slightly longer or shorter than wide, without aerotopes, sometimes with several granules, blue-green, olive-green, greyish or reddish, end cells slightly narrowed or widened and rounded, sometimes up to spherical, always without calyptra, sometimes vacuolized. Akinetes known only rarely in few species. |
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| Genotype differences, molecular data: | ||||||||||
| Reproduction strategies, life cycles, cell division: Komárek (1992): Cells divide crosswise to the trichome axis, with subterminal meristematic zones. Reproduction by hormogonia, Which germinate at both ends, but after heterocyte formation (usually in pairs) change in heteropolar growth. |
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| Ultrastructure: | ||||||||||
| Taxonomic position, higher hierarchy: Cyanophyceae, Nostocales, Microchaetaceae, Tolypotrichoideae Notes to taxonomy, misinterpretations: |
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| Ecology, ecophysiology, ecological significance: Komárek (1992): Mainly submerse, growing in littorals of not polluted water reservoirs on stones or among other algae and water plants, in springs, mineral springs, streams, pools, etc.; several species are ecologically limited (they grow only in moors, alkalic swamps, in limestone areas, etc.). Many species are known_only from tropical biotopes, however, they need mostly taxonomic revisions. Several species are described from aerophytic habitats (wet sandy soils, bark of trees, wet stones, calcareous or sandstone walls, etc.). |
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| Physiology and biochemistry: |
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List of species:
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Drawings: Komárek 1992 |
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