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Microcoleus

Generic name: MICROCOLEUS Desmaziéres ex Gomont, 1892. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 7, 15:
350.
Synonyms: ARTUROA Gonzalez-Guerrero 1951. Anal. Jard. Bot. Madrid 10: 210., VAGINARIA Gray, 1821. Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 1: 280.[ MICROCOLEUS Desmaziéres, Catalogue des plantes omises dans la botanographie belgique, p. 7, 1823 ex Gomont 1892: Oscillatoria, Conferva, Vaginaria, Microcoleus, Chtonoblastus, Phormidium sp.]
Diagnosis:
Gomont (1892): Fila simplicia aut vage pseudo-ramosa, ad terram repentia, necnon inter varias Algas vigentia. Vaginae hyalinae plus minusve regulariter cylindraceae, haud lamellosae, in speciebus pluribus demum diffluentes, in unica specie chlorozincico ioduralo caerulescentes. Trichomata in filis bene evolutis intra vaginam permulta, arcte congesta, saepe funiformi- contorta; apex trichomatis rectus, attenuatus; cellula apicalis acute, rarius obtuse conica, in
unica specie capitata.
Type species: Microcoleus vaginatus (Vaucher) Gomont 1892. - More than 30 species, from which about 10 are well known.
Descriptions:
Komárek (1992): Filamentous; filaments solitary or joined in fine, thin strata or mats. Filaments composed from a gelatinous, fine, usually colourless and diffluent, homogeneous sheath, in which are densely packed trichomes, parallely arranged and sometimes irregularly screw-like coiled together; number of trichomes changes usually from 2-3 up to more than hundred within one filaments; filaments usually simple, rarely simply branched (only sheaths). Trichomes cylindrical, with straight, usually narrowed
ends. Cells usually isodiametrical, rarely shorter or longer (up to three times) than wide; end cells usually conical, rarely with calyptra. (Species with very narrow trichomes and cells always clearly longer than wide and small number of trichomes within sheaths belong probably in a special genus of Schizothrichaceae).
Genotype differences, molecular data:
Reproduction strategies, life cycles, cell division:
Komárek (1992): Cell division crosswise, daughter cells grow into the original size before the next division. Reproduction by motile fragments of trichomes or hormogonia; fragmentation usually by help of necridic cells.
Ultrastructure:
Taxonomic position, higher hierarchy: Cyanophyceae,
Oscillatoriales, Phormidiaceae, Microcoleoideae
Notes to taxonomy, misinterpretations:
Ecology, ecophysiology, ecological significance:
Komárek (1992): Mainly benthic and soil species, covering the substrate or growing in psammon under a slight layer of wet sand. Several species known from sandy and muddy marine beaches and river aestuaries or from other types of sea coasts or inland salinic biotopes. Several species are known from wet soil or from littoral of clear or slightly polluted water bodies, where they cover mud or water plants. Known also from wet rocks and mineral springs.
Gomont 1892: Plantae terrestres aut aquaticae, nonnunquam marinae.
Physiology and biochemistry:
Distribution, endemism, problematic citations:
Reference strain:
Infrageneric scheme, species concept:

List of species:
Microcoleus acremannii Casamatta et Johansen 2005
Microcoleus acutirostris Gomont 1892
Microcoleus amplus Gardner 1927
Microcoleus antarcticus Casamatta et Johansen 2005
Microcoleus baicalensis Izhboldina 1984
Microcoleus brasiliensis Borge 1925
Microcoleus californicus Drouet 1943
Microcoleus codii Frémy 1934
Microcoleus cryophilus Carlson 1913
Microcoleus glaciei Johansen et Casamatta 2005
Microcoleus irriguus (Kützing) Drouet 1968
Microcoleus lacustris (Rabenhorst) Farlow ex Gomont 1892
Microcoleus lauterbachii Schmidle 1896
Microcoleus manshuriense Noda 1963
Microcoleus paludosus Gomont ex Gomont 1892
Microcoleus rushforthii Johansen et Casamatta 2005
Microcoleus sikkimensis Santra 1984
Microcoleus sinensis Jao 1939
Microcoleus subandinus Schwabe 1944
Microcoleus subtorulosus Gomont ex Gomont 1892
Microcoleus tenerimus Gomont 1892
Microcoleus thomensis Sampaio fil. 1962
Microcoleus vaginatus Gomont ex Gomont 1892

Unclear taxa:
Hypheothrix acutissima Gardner 1927
Microcoleus amplus var. sensu Kamat 1963
Microcoleus anguiformis Harvey exKirchner 1898
Microcoleus confluens Setchell et Gardner 1918
Microcoleus ferrugineus Frémy 1936
Microcoleus granulatus Tutin 1940
Microcoleus cf. lacustris (Rabenhorst) Farlow sensu Stramach 1975
Microcoleus sociatus var.  abiscoensis Skuja 1964
Microcoleus sociatus  W. et G.S.West sensu Serpette 1955
Microcoleus steenstrupii sensu Boyer, Johansen et al. 2002
Microcoleus subtorulosus var.  rupestris Li 1989
Microcoleus terestris (Desmaziéres) Thuret sensu Hansgirg 1892
Microcoleus vaginatus var. acuminatus Gardner 1927
Microcoleus weeksii Setchell et Gardner in Gardner 1918
Phormidium welwitschii Grunow ex Hansgirg 1892
Schizothrix polythrichoides Fritsch 1918

Keys:
List of stains:
Drawings:
Komárek 1992
Application technology:
Literature:
  2.1 taxonomy: Gomont 1892, Geitler 1932, Geitler 1942, Anagnostidis & Komárek 1988, Komárek 1992
  2.2 cytomorphology:
  2.3 16S rRNA sequencing:
  2.4 biology and life cycles:
  2.5 ecology: