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Mantellum

Generic name: MANTELLUM Dangeard, 1941. Botaniste 30: 129.
Synonyms:
Diagnosis:
Type species: Mantellum adhaerens Dangeard 1941. - One species, but more taxa probably belong into this genus, described under other genera; a little known genus.
Descriptions:
Komárek (2003): Cells occur in flat, microscopic formations attached to substrata (as epiphytes on other algae) in one layer and arranged more or less in perpendicular rows. Cells are spherical, pale blue-green or reddish in color, have homogeneous content or distinguishable centro- and chromatoplasm, and are 0.8-4 μm in diameter. Cells usually are enveloped by thin, very fine, colorless, and diffuse mucilage. Division is by binary fission, in two planes perpendicular to one another and to the substrate; from this process, flat formations arise on the substrate, but sometimes have slightly shifted cells.
Komárek & Anagnostidis (1998): Small, more or less spherical cells, solitary or in groups (in one layer), attached on the substrate (usually epiphytic on other algae and filamentous cyanoprokaryotes), forming one-layered colony; cells are usually arranged in perpendicular rows on a substrate (sometimes indistinct; result of cell division in two perpendicular planes). Cells more or less spherical, usually without distinct mucilaginous envelopes (but with basal gelatinous discs ?).
Komárek(1992): Unicellular; cells solitary or in flat groups, arranged in one plane (layer), sometimes more or less in irregular rows, joined to the substrate (by mucilaginous pads ?), but not evidently heteropolar, usually more or less spherical or slightly oval, with homogeneous or slightly granular content. Without mucilage. Attached usually to other filamentous algae.
Genotype differences, molecular data:
Reproduction strategies, life cycles, cell division:
Komárek & Anagnostidis (1998): Cells divide perpendicularly to the substrate and probably in two planes perpendicular to one another (deduced from the arrangement of cells, but according to the original diagnosis in three planes? ). Insufficiently known genus, probably with more species.
Komárek (1992): Cell division probably in two planes perpendicular one to another and to the substrate (formation of flat groups). Cells grow more or less up to the original size before the next division. Reproduction by liberated solitary daughter cells.
Ultrastructure:
Taxonomic
position, higher hierarchy: Cyanophyceae,
Chroococcales, Merismopediaceae, Merismopedioideae
Notes to taxonomy,misinterpretations:
Ecology, ecophysiology, ecological significance:
Komárek (1992): Type species described from periphyton on filamentous algae in sea littorals; to this genus belong probably further cyanophytes, which grow attached to similar substrates and which were described as different Xenococcus species (but not reproducing by nanocytes and growing only in spherical cells; e.g. X. gracilis, X. minimus, X. schousboei p.p., etc.).
Physiology and biochemistry:
Distribution, endemism, problematic citations:
Reference strain:
Infrageneric scheme, species concept:

List of species:
Mantellum adhaerens Dangeard 1941
Mantellum commune Hindák 2002
Mantellum himalayense M. Watanabe et Komárek 1995
Mantellum rubrum Tavera et Komárek 1996. Algological Studies 83:533

Unclear taxa:
Xenococcus gracilis Lemmermann 1898
Xenococcus laminariae Feldmann 1953
Xenococcus minimus Geitler 1922

Keys:
List
of stains:
Drawings:
Komárek
1992
Application
technology:
Literature:
  2.1 taxonomy: Dangeard 1941, Komárek 1992, Komárek & Anagnostidis 1998, Komárek 2003
  2.2 cytomorphology:
  2.3 16S rRNA sequencing:
  2.4 biology and life cycles:
  2.5 ecology: