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Gloeotrichia

Generic name: GLOEOTRICHIA J. Agardh ex Bornet et Flahault 1886. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 7, 4: 365.
Synonyms:
CHALARCTIS Kützing, 1843. Phycol. gener., p. 236., GAILLARDOTELLA Mougeot, 1898. Stirpes vogesorhen. 8, nr. 796., LINCKIELLA Gaillon, 1833. Tab. synopt. meth. gen. Nemazoaires, p. 29., PORTACUS Kuntze, 1891. Rev. Gener. 2: 911.[ GLOEOTRICHIA J. Agardh , Algae maris Mediterranei et Adriatici, p. 8, 1842 ex Bornet et Flahault: Tremella, Ulva, Linckia, Rivularia, Gaillardotella, Linckiella, Chalarctis, Limnactis, Raphidia, Physactis, Sclerothrix, spec.]
Diagnosis:
Bornet et Flahault (1887): Frons sphaerica nunc usque ad extremum solida, nunc aetate progrediente inflato-cava. Fila e centro radiantia, pseudo-ramosa. Vaginae ad basim trichomalum perspicuae, superne in gelatinam amorpham confluentes. Trichomata flagelliformia, interrupte torulosa. Heterocystae basilares. Sporae e cellula heterocystam superante formatae, in basi vaginae persistentis et earum tegumentum exterius constituentis involutre. Hormogonia seriata numerosa.
Type species: Gloeotrichia pisum Thuret ex Bornet et Flahault 1886.
Descriptions:
Komárek (1992):Filamentous - colonial; trichomes heteropolar with basal heterocytes and apical hair-like ends with own sheaths, united radially into gelatinous, hemispherical or spherical colonies, which are microscopic up to several cm in diameter, olive green, yellow-green, brown or dark blue-blackish. The whole colony enveloped by a fine or firm slime; trichomes always oriented with heterocytes in to the centre of the colony. Trichomes rarely false branched (during trichome division), the branches separate
soon from the mother trichome, but remain parallel and radially located within the colonial slime and form their own gelatinous sheaths. Colonies are joined to the substrate or free floating. Trichomes uniserial, rarely with intercalar heterocytes (developing before or during trichome disintegration), constricted or unconstricted at the cross walls, more or less straight or coiled. Sheaths are always present, but sometimes gelatinize within the mucilage of colonies, especially near apicall parts of trichomes (near the margin of a colony). Upon the basal heterocytes oval or cylindrical akinetes develop (solitary or in rows) at the end of the vegetation periods. The cells in several species (particularly in hormogonia) contain aerotopes (planktic species).
Genotype differences, molecular data:
Reproduction strategies, life cycles, cell division:
Komárek (1992): Cell division perpendicularly to the long axis of a trichome, usually in meristematic zones. Reproduction by disintegration of trichomes within colonies and, particularly, by hormogonia, differentiating after the separation of the apical hair by help of necridic cells, and sometimes liberating from old colonies. Division of colonies.
Ultrastructure:
Taxonomic position, higher hierarchy: Cyanophyceae, Nostocales, Rivulariaceae
Notes to taxonomy, misinterpretations:
Ecology, ecophysiology, ecological significance:
Komárek (1992): Two species are euplanktic, few species develop periphytically on water plants and on submerged stones and woods, but later sometimes liberate from the substrate and flow on the water surface. Several species live in the detritus (metaphyton) in swamps and reservoirs with abundant water vegetation. The majority of species have limited areas of distribution (tropic, nordic, etc.). All species are freshwater, only the planktic G. echinulata grows in both fresh and in brackish waters of
the temperate zone (e.g. in Baltic Sea).
Bornet et Flahault (1887): Plantae aquae dulcis aut subsalsae.
Physiology and biochemistry:
Distribution, endemism, problematic citations:
Reference strain:
Infrageneric scheme, species
concept:

List of species:
Gloeotrichia aethiopica W. et G.S. West 1897
Gloeotrichia andrenszkyana Claus 1957
Gloeotrichia atra Biswas 1934
Gloeotrichia echinulata (J.E. Smith et Soverby) Richeter 1894
Gloeotrichia flagelliformis Gardner 1927
Gloeotrichia ghosei R.N. Singh 1939
Gloeotrichia indica Schmidle 1900
Gloeotrichia intermedia (Lemmermann) Geitler 1925
Gloeotrichia jugnetii Frémy 1945
Gloeotrichia kamtschatica (Elenkin) Poljansij in Elenkin 1938
Gloeotrichia kurziana Zeller ex Bornet et Flahault 1886
Gloeotrichia letestui Frémy 1924
Gloeotrichia longiarticulata G.S. West 1907
Gloeotrichia longicauda Schmidle 1901
Gloeotrichia murgabica Kogan et Jazkulieva 1972
Gloeotrichia natans [Hedwig] Rabenhorst ex Bornet et Flahault 1886. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 7, 4: 369
Gloeotrichia pilgeri Schmidle 1901
Gloeotrichia pisum Thuret ex Bornet et Flahault 1886. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 7, 4: 366
Gloeotrichia punctulata Thuret ex Bornet et Flahault 1886. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 7, 4: 369
Gloeotrichia rabenhorstii Bornet ex Bornet et Flahault 1886. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 7, 4: 368
Gloeotrichia raciborskii Woloszyńska 1912
Gloeotrichia salina Ranenhorst ex Bornet et Flahault 1886. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 7, 4: 368
Gloeotrichia spiroides Kondrateva 1954
Gloeotrichia tuzsonii Palik 1941

Unclear taxa:
There were described over 20, mostly pre-starting point species (in 19. century), the identification of which is impossible. Following taxa could be considered as special taxonomic units.

Gloeotrichia echinulata  var. epiphytica Gonzalves et Kamat 1960
Rivularia (?) coandunata (Sommerfelt) Foslie f. pseudogypsophila Poljanskij in Kondrateva 1956

Keys:
List of stains:
Drawings:
Komárek 1992
Application technology:
Literature:

  2.1 taxonomy: Geitler 1933, Kondrateva 1954, Kondrateva 1968, Gorjunova et Orleanskij 1967, Aziz & Whitton 1987, Komárek 1992
  2.2 cytomorphology:
  2.3 16S rRNA sequencing:
  2.4 biology and life cycles:
  2.5 ecology: