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Gardnerula

Generic name: GARDNERULA De Toni, 1936. Noter. Nomencl. Algol. 8: 5.
Synonyms: POLYTHRIX Zanardini, Phycearum indicarum Pugillus, p.32, 1872 ex Bornet et Flahault 1886 [Microcoleus spec, Harvey] Bornet et Flahault, 1886. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 7, 3: 380
Diagnosis:
Bornet et Flahault (1886): Thallus filiformis ramosus e filis numerosis intra vaginam communem fasciculatim inclusis formatus. Fila pscudoramosa dense congesta. Heterocystae terminales et intercalares. Planta marin Symplocae hydnoidis faciem haud male referens.
Type species:
[Microcoleus corymbosus Harvey Nereis. Bor.-Amer. III, p. 109, 1858] = Polythrix corymbosa Grunow ex Bornet et Flahault, 1886. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 7, 3: 380 = Gardnerula corymbosa (Harvey) De-Toni 1936
Descriptions:
Komárek (1992): Filamentous; filaments heteropolar with firm, common, lamellated, at the ends open and lacerated sheaths, up to 300 μm in diameter at the basis (in the upper part narrower), enveloping many parallely, fuscicle-like oriented (coaxial) trichomes with their own lamellated sheaths, up to 1 cm high; filaments repeatedly (up to 5-times) falsely branched, divaricated or forming the compact blue-green strata on the substrate; the upper part of filaments and their branches usually slightly swollen, where are the meristematic zones of trichomes. Common sheaths thick, hyaline, in the inner portions usually yellowish-brown. Trichomes blue-green, heteropolar, with a basal heterocyte, usually a little widened at the basis, later thin and again clearly widened in the upper part, at the ends narrowed and sometimes elongated into short or long hairs; commonly are developed intercalar heterocytes, at which trichomes disintegrate (false branching) and develop their own sheaths; trichomes in the middle, narrow part more or less cylindrical,
not constricted at the cross walls, at bases and in upper widened parts sometimes constricted. Cells blue-green, at bases shorter or slightly longer than wide, in the middle (narrow) part cylindrical and usually longer than wide, in the upper parts shorter than wide and again elongated in hyaline hairs. Heterocytes of different form, hemispherical, spherical, oval up to long cylindrical. Aerotopes and akinetes unknown.
Genotype differences, molecular data:
Reproduction strategies, life cycles, cell division:
Komárek (1992): Cell division crossise, particularly in distinct meristematic zones in the upper parts of trichomes. Reproduction by the fragmentation of filaments and by hormogonia, disintegrating from the upper parts of trichomes after the separation of the hair.
Ultrastructure:
Taxonomic position, higher hierarchy: Cyanophyceae, Nostocales, Rivulariaceae
Notes to taxonomy, misinterpretations: Five species
Ecology, ecophysiology, ecological significance:
Komárek (1992): All species are known from the marine littoral, where they grow on the corral rocks and sandstones in the tide region, one species was described from the submersed wooden pile. The type species (G. corymbosa ) has probably cosmopolitan distribution in tropical and subtropical countries, other species are known only from the warm seas in SE Asia and southern Pacific respectively.
Physiology and biochemistry:
Distribution, endemism, problematic citations:
Reference strain:
Infrageneric scheme, species concept:
List of species:
Gardnerula corymbosa (Harvey) De-Toni, 1936
Keys:
List of stains:
Drawings:
Komárek 1992
Application technology:
Literature:

  2.1 taxonomy: Kosinskaja 1948, Friedmann 1956, Umezaki 1961, Tseng et Hua 1982, Komárek 1992
  2.2 cytomorphology:
  2.3 16S rRNA sequencing:
  2.4 biology and life cycles:
  2.5 ecology: