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Cyanosarcina

Generic name: CYANOSARCINA Kováčik 1988. Algolog. Stud. 50-53: 175.
Synonyms:
Diagnosis:
Type species: Cyanosarcina fontana Kováčik 1988
Descriptions:
Komárek & Anagnostidis (1998): Colonies microscopic, packet-like or subspherical-irregular, more or less rounded, with densely aggregated cells, enveloped by thin, usually firm, colourless envelopes, adjacent to cell clusters; finally in dense, sarcinoid packets, forming agglomeration of macroscopic, irregular mats. Cells spherical, subspherical, oval, hemispherical or irregular-rounded, enveloped by thin mucilaginous sheaths, usually packed closely to one another.
Komárek (1992): Unicellular- colonial; colonies microscopic, 2-l6-multicelled, sarcinoid , up to 50 um in diameter, later usually grouped into rich agglomerations of colonies, Chroococcus-like when young, later in characteristic packett-like formations with more or less cubically packed cells, enveloped usually by narrow, tight, fine or firm, colourless, sometimes slightly lamellated gelatinous envelope. Cells spherical, oval and hemispherica when young, later irregular, polygonal with rounded corners, usually densely agglomerated, flattened at the sides neighbouring to other cells; cell content blue-green or pinkish, sometimes slightly granular.
Genotype differences, molecular data:
Reproduction strategies, life cycles, cell division:
Komárek & Anagnostidis (1998): Cell division irregular in three, later different planes; daughter cells do not reach the original form before next division; nanocytes (or baeocytes) always lacking. Reproduction by the liberation of cells or groups of cells from sheaths.
Komárek (1992):Division of cells firstly in three directions perpendicular each to other in successive generations, later slightly irregular; each daughter cell divide later more or less in three perpendicular planes, but the daughter cells remain gathered to packett-like sarcinoid formations. Nanocytes are absent. Multiplication by the disintegration of colonies.
Ultrastructure:
Taxonomic position, higher hierarchy:
Cyanophyceae, Chroococcales, Chroococcaceae
Notes to taxonomy, misinterpretations:Eight
to ten species
Ecology, ecophysiology, ecological significance:
Komárek (1992):Several species growing in metaphyton and among detritus in stagnant or streaming, usually clear waters, sometimes with plenty of water plants, one species is known from moors, one is subaerophytic, three are known only from tropics, two were described from thermal springs. The type species is known from the periphyton of spring with cold (stenotherm) water.
Physiology and biochemistry:
Distribution, endemism, problematic citations:
Reference strain:
Infrageneric scheme, species concept:
List of species:
Cyanosarcina atroveneta Johansen et Flechtner in Flechtner, Johansen et Belnap 2008. Western North American Naturalist 68: 416
Cyanosarcina burmensis (Skuja) Kováčik 1988
Cyanosarcina chroococcoides (Geitler) Kováčik 1988
Cyanosarcina ferruginea M. Watanabe et Komárek 1995
Cyanosarcina fontana Kováčik 1988
Cyanosarcina gelatinosa (Emoto et Yoneda) Kováčik 1988
Cyanosarcina huebeliorum Komárek et Anagnostidis 1995
Cyanosarcina littoralis (Schwabe) Kováčik 1988
Cyanosarcina parthenonensis Anagnostidis in Anagnostidis et Pantazidou 1991. Archiv für Hydrobiologie/Algological Studies 64: 144
Cyanosarcina regularis (Geitler) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1995
Cyanosarcina spectabilis (Geitler) Kováčik 1988
Cyanosarcina thalassia Anagnostidis et Pantazidou 1991. Archiv für Hydrobiologie/Algological Studies 64: 143
Cyanosarcina thermalis (Hindák) Kováčik 1988

Unclear taxa:
Endospora rubra Gardner 1927
Microcystis splendens Hollenberg 1939
Oncobyrsa hispanica M. Lewin 1888

Keys:
List of stains:
Drawings:
 Komárek 1992
Application technology:
Literature:

  2.1 taxonomy: Anagnostidis & al. 1983 (sub Myxosarcina), Komarek & Anagnostidis 1986, Kováčik 1988, Anagnostidis & Pantazidou 1991, Komárek 1992, Komárek & Anagnostidis 1998
  2.2 cytomorphology:
  2.3 16S rRNA sequencing:
  2.4 biology and life cycles:
  2.5 ecology: