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Cyanodictyon

Generic name: CYANODICTYON Pascher 1914. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 32: 351.
Synonyms: SPHAERODICTYON Geitler, 1925. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 2, 41: 231.
Diagnosis:
Type species:Cyanodictyon endophyticum Pascher 1914
Descriptions:
Komárek (2004):Cells occur in spherical to irregularly reticulate, slimy, microscopic flat or three-dimensional colonies, which are sometimes elongate, composed from irregularly branching and anastomosing mucilaginous strands, later forming an amorphous mass with holes. The mucilage is fine, colorless, and sometimes diffuse. Cells are arranged in strands in one or more rows, and later irregularly. Cells are more or less spherical, slightly elongated to rod-shaped, small, up to 4.5 μm long (or diameter), without obvious gas vesicles, and pale blue-green, greyish, or olive green. Cell division is by binary fission, always perpendicularly to one (longer) cell axis. Daughter cells are isomorphic and grow to the original shape and size before the next division.
Komárek & Anagnostidis (1998): Colonies free floating, initially more or less spherical, soon becoming irregularly reticulate, flat or three-dimensional, often elongate, composed of gelatinous, irregularly divaricate and anastomozing strands, with uniseriate, in older stages multiseriate rows of cells. Mucilage structureless, colourless, usually indistinct and diffluent at the margin. Cells spherical or slightly elongate, without prominent inclusions.
Komárek (1992): Unicellular - colonial; colonies free living, microscopic, sometimes elongated (up to 400 um long), in a form of an irregular or irregular-spherical net composed of mucilaginous, incidentally dividing (tube-like) strings, containing an irregular, uniserial or (later, in old colonies) multiserial and densely packed row(s) of more or less spherical, ellipsoidal, oval up to rod-like cells. Cells pale blue-green, yellowish or greyish blue, without aerotopes, sometimes forming pseudofilaments. Mucilage fine, colourless, homogeneous, sometimes visible only after staining. The mucilage envelopes the whole colony (in old colonies). In majority of
species occur between or at the cells granular or ring-like, iron-oxide precipitations, usually between pairs of cells. The thylakoids are (in a small number) located
peripherally within the cell. Involutional filamentous cells (?).
Geitler (1932): Zellen kugelig, zu netzförmigen Kolonien vereinigt; Netze kugelig oder flach. Maschen des Netzes in der Regel aus einer einzigen Zellreihe gebildet.
Genotype differences, molecular data:
Reproduction strategies, life cycles, cell division:
Komárek & Anagnostidis (1998): Cell division always in one plane in successive generation more or less perpendicularly to the mucilaginous strands; hemispherical divided cells grow to the original shape before the next division. Reproduction by disintegration of colonies.
Komárek (1992):Division of cells (pinching) in one and the same plane in successive generations, perpendicularly to the longer axis of cells (and usually also to the axis of a mucilaginous string). After division the cells separate from each other a distance of up the the length of one cell. The development of a three-dimensional colony starts from a short pseudofilament. Reproduction by the disintegration of colonies.
Ultrastructure:
Taxonomic position, higher hierarchy: Cyanophyceae,
Chroococcales, Synechococcaceae, Aphanothecoideae
Notes to taxonomy, misinterpretations:
Ecology, ecophysiology, ecological significance:
Komárek (2003): Cyanodictyon species are mainly planktonic in oligotrophic to mesotrophic (rarely dystrophic) water bodies; one species is endgloeic within the mucilage of Anabaena (Geitler, 1932). Probably widely distributed.
Komárek (1992):The type species lives endogloeic within mucilaginous colonies of planktic Anabaena species, the other species are free-living, planktic, in clear or eutrophized lakes, known mainly from northern Europe (Scandinavia, northern Germany) and northern N. America (Canada).
Physiology and biochemistry:
Distribution, endemism, problematic citations:
Reference strain:
Infrageneric scheme, species concept:
List of species:
Cyanodictyon balticum Cronberg 2004
Cyanodictyon endophyticum Pascher 1914
Cyanodictyon iac Cronberg et Komárek 1994
Cyanodictyon intermedium Joosten 2006
Cyanodictyon filiforme Komárková-Legnerová et Cronberg 1994
Cyanodictyon planktonicum Meyer 1994
Cyanodictyon reticulatum (Lemmermann) Geitler 1925
Cyanodictyon tropicale Senna et Sant' Anna 2000
Cyanodictyon tubiforme Cronberg 1988
Cyanodictyon turfosum Lederer 1995

Excludenda:
Cyanodictyon imperfectum Cronberg et Weibull 1981 = Cyanocatena imperfecta (Cronberg et Weibull) Joosten 2006

Keys:
List of stains:
Drawings:
Komárek (1992)
Application technology:
Literature:

  2.1 taxonomy: Pascher 1914, Geitler 1925, Geitler 1932, Elenkin 1932, Elenkin 1938, Geitler 1942, Elenkin 1949, Cronberg et Weibull 1981, Hickel 1981, Cronberg 1988, Economou-Amilli & Spartinou 1991, Komárek 1992, Komárková-Legnerová & Cronberg  1994, Cronberg & Komárek 1994, Mayer 1994, Lederer 1995, Komárek & Anagnostidis 1998, Komárek 2003
  2.2 cytomorphology:
  2.3 16S rRNA sequencing:
  2.4 biology and life cycles:
  2.5 ecology: