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Cyanobacterium

Generic name: CYANOBACTERIUM Rippka et Cohen-Bazire, 1983. Ann. Microbiol. (Inst. Pasteur) 134B: 32.
Synonyms:
Diagnosis:
Type species:Cyanobacterium stanieri Rippka et Cohen-Bazire 1983.
Descriptions:
Komárek & Anagnostidis (1998): Cells solitary or in groups of twos after division, sometimes in irregular clusters, but never in colonies, without gelatinous envelopes, more or less cylindrical, rod- shaped with rounded ends up to widely oval, straight or slightly arcuate. Cell content homogeneous, without separation of centro- and chromatoplasma, but sometimes with lengthwise striation. Thylakoids situted in cells lengthwise; cell wall S-layer of square lattice (P4) was identified in C. minervae and C. cedrorum.
Komárek (1992): Unicellular; cells solitary or in groups, oval, shortly cylindrical or irregularly cylindrical with widely rounded ends, without or with very fine mucilaginous layers around the cells. Cells usually pale blue-green to olive-green, mainly containing phycocyanin, with homogeneous content or with fine, dispersed granules, probably immotile, not forming filamentous involution forms. Probably with chromatic adaptation (?).
Genotype differences, molecular data:
Komárek (1992): GC-content of the DNA = approx. 39-41 mol. percent. Photoheterotroph.
Reproduction strategies, life
cycles, cell division:
Komárek & Anagnostidis 1998:Cell division by binary fission (pinching), transversely to the longer cell axis, resulting in two isomorphic, rarely asymmetric daughter cells. Cells grow into the original shape and size before the next division.
Komárek (1992): Reproduction by the simple binary transverse fission, repeatedly perpendicularly to the long axis of the cell. Cells grow into the original size before the next division.
Ultrastructure:
Taxonomic position, higher hierarchy:
Cyanophyceae, Chroococcales, Synechococcaceae, Aphanothecoideae
Notes to taxonomy, misinterpretations:
Komárek (1992): One species described from the culture and based on biochemical characters needs to be characterized by help of cytomorphological features: if valid, several other small "Synechococcus"-species and picoplanktic species belong probably to this genus.
Ecology, ecophysiology, ecological significance:
Komárek (1992): The type species was described from the culture, but further picoplanktic freshwater and marine species belong probably to this genus, which needs further study, particularly from the point of view of cytomorphology, life cycles, variation range of physiological and morphological characters, and ecology. The "Marine-cluster C of Synechococcus" with oceanic picoplanktic species (Platt et al. 1983, Waterbury 1989, Newman et Carr 1990, Waterbury et al.1979) belongs probably also to this genus.
Physiology and biochemistry:
Distribution, endemism, problematic citations:
Reference strain:
Infrageneric scheme, species concept:
List of species:
Cyanobacterium cedrorum (Sauvageau) Komárek et al. 1999
Cyanobacterium crassiusculum (Skuja) Komárek et al. 1999
Cyanobacterium diachloros (Skuja) Komárek et al. 1999
Cyanobacterium formosanum Komárek 1999
Cyanobacterium minervae (Copeland) Komárek et al. 1999
Cyanobacterim notatum (Skuja) Komárek et al. 1999
Cyanobacterium stanieri Rippka et Cohen-Bazire 1983
Cyanobacterium synechococcoides Komárek 1999
Keys:
List of stains:
Drawings:
Komárek 1989
Application technology:
Literature:

  2.1 taxonomy: Rippka & Cohen-Bazire 1983, Wilmotte & Starn 1984, Komárek & Anagnostidis 1986, Waterbury& Rippka 1989,  Waterbury 1989, Komárek 1992, Cepák 1993, Komárek 1996, Komárek & Cepák 1997, Komárek & Anagnostidis 1998,
Komárek & al. 1999
  2.2 cytomorphology:
  2.3 16S rRNA sequencing:
  2.4 biology and life cycles:
  2.5 ecology: