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Coleodesmium

Generic name: COLEODESMIUM Borzì ex Geitler 1942. In Engler et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 2. Ed., 1b: 154.
Synonyms:
COLEODESMIOPSIS Dutt, Datta et Gupta, 1982; (false“COLEODESMIUMOPSIS”).Cryptog.Algol. 3: 180.
DESMONEMA Berkeley et Thwaites ex Bornet et Flahault, 1888. Ann. Sci. Nat.-Bot. 7, 5: 126.
ARTHRONEMA Hassall, 1845. Brit. Freshw. Alg., p. 238. [ DESMONEMA Berkeley et Thwaites, English Botany, 1849 ex Bornet et Flahault,1886: Conferva, Oscillatoria, Calothrix, Scytonema, Microcoleus, Coleodesmium spec.]
Diagnosis:
Bornet et Flahault (1888):Fila subdichotome divisa. Trichomata Saepe pluria (2-oo ) in vagina communi inclusa. Heterocystae basilares. Sporae (secundum Borzi) majores, ovatae vel ellipticae, singulae aut pauciseriatae, interjectae, exosporio crassiusculo. Caespites penicillati. Plantae aquae dulcis.
Type species: Coleodesmium wrangelii (Agardh) Borzì ex Geitler 1942
Descriptions:
Komárek (1992): Filamentous; filaments united into intensely branched, mucilaginous, polarized, up to 1 cm high, blue-green or brownish or reddish fascicles; sheaths branched, firm, thin or thick, often lamellated, opened at the apex, colour- less or yellow-brown, containing 1 to several trichomes. Trichomes polarized with basal, usually elliptical heterocytes, parallely oriented, falsely, branched, cylindrical, uniserial, constricted at the cross walls, to the ends not narrowed or only slightly narrowed; false
branching initiate at the intercalar heterocytes. Cells shortly barrel-shaped, end cells widely rounded. Aerotopes absent. Akinetes develop rarely near the trichome bases, solitary or in short rows.
Genotype differences, molecular data:
Reproduction strategies, life cycles, cell division:
Komárek (1992):Cell division cross-wise to the long axis of a trichome. Meristematic zones (?). Reproduction by the hormogonia, liberating from sheaths; probably disintegrate by help of necridic cells.
Ultrastructure:
Taxonomic position, higher hierarchy: Cyanophyceae,
Nostocales, Microchaetaceae, Tolypotrichoideae
Notes to taxonomy, misinterpretations:Seven species, from which three need revision. All taxa need further studies.
Ecology, ecophysiology, ecological significance:
Komárek (1992):Epiphytically on water plants or epilithic on stones in clear, unpolluted creeks, usually in mountains areas. Three species are described from Africa.
Physiology and biochemistry:
Distribution, endemism, problematic citations:
Reference strain:
Infrageneric scheme, species concept:

List of species:
Coleodesmium floccosum Borzì 1879
Coleodesmium foreauii (Frémy) Komárek et M. Watanabe 1990
Coleodesmium kerguelense Thérézien et Coutè 1977
Coleodesmium lievreae (Frémy) Geitler 1942
Coleodesmium sagarmathae Komárek et M. Watanabe 1990
Coleodesmium scottianum Welsh 1965
Coleodesmium swazilandicum Welsh 1965
Coleodesmium wrangelii (Agardh) Borzì ex Geitler 1942

Synonyms
Desmonema wrangelii Bornet et Flahault, 1888. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 7, 5: 127 = Coleodesmium wrangelii (Agardh) Borzì ex Geitler, 1942
Desmonema floccosum Bornet et Flahault, 1888. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 7, 5: 128 = Coleodesmium

Unclear taxa:
Coleodesmiopsis (false "Coleodesmiumopsis")  fremyi Dutt, Datta et Gupta 1982
Coleodesmium sp. sensu Komárek 2009
Dichothrix hamata Jao 1939
Hydrocoryne wardii Welsh 1963

Keys:
List of stains:
Drawings:
Komárek 1989
Application technology:
Literature:

  2.1 taxonomy: Geitler 1942, Komárek 1992, Komárek et Watanabe 1990, 
  2.2 cytomorphology:
  2.3 16S rRNA sequencinq:
  2.4 biology and life cycles:
  2.5 ecology: