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Chamaecalyx

Generic name: CHAMAECALYX Komárek et Anagnostidis, 1986. Algolog. Stud. 38-39: 199.
Synonyms:
Diagnosis:
Type species: Chamaecalyx swirenkoi (Širšov) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1986
Descriptions:
Komárek & Anagnostidis (1998): Cells heteropolar, slightly elongate, more or less club-shaped, attached to the substrate individually by their narrower ends, solitary or in groups, always enveloped by a thin (rarely a little thickened), firm, colourless sheath (pseudovagina); Joined to the substrate by the narrow base or by a pad (more or less discoid), which is a pan of a sheath. Pseudo vagina opens at the apex before the exocyte liberation. Cell content homogeneous (thylakoids are regularly distributed throughout the cell), usually pale blue-green, olive-green or reddish. Several marine and a few freshwater species are known.
Komárek (1992): Unicellular; solitary cells or groups of cells, joined by one end to the substrate. Cells always polarized, attached by one (basal, morphologically distinct) end to the substrate, usually by help of a pad or leg, and with free, widely rounded apical end; they are usually club-shaped, narrowed to the basis. Around cells firm, thin, sometimes layered sheaths, opened at the apex during the cell division (pseudovagina). Cell content grey, greyish blue-green, blue-green, yellowish or pinkish red, finely granular, always without aerotopes. Thylakoids probably peripherally situated.
Genotype differences, molecular data:
Reproduction strategies, life cycles, cell division:
Komárek & Anagnostidis (1998): Cell division starts by the transverse (horizontal) binary fission, in which the first division plane is perpendicular to the longer (vertical) axis of the polarized cell; later the upper (distal) part of the original mother cell divides spatially, successively or almost simultaneously, while the basal (proximal) part remains undivided. This division type results in more small daughter cells (exocytes) differentiated within the upper part of the mother sheath. After their liberation from the sheath (pseudovagina) the basal part is able to grow into the form of the original mother cell again (or divides later into two or four cells). This process is sometimes repeated. Rarely complete cell division occurs. Reproduction by liberated exocytes, which attach again to the substrate. In a few isolated strains, the cells do not grow (in agar cultures or in liquid medium) attached in the typical position, but the type of heteropolar division is retained.
Komárek (1992): Reproduction by asymmetrical cell division: cells firstly divide perpendicularly to the long (vertical) axis of the cell, later the apical part divides successively (or almost simultaneously) in different planes into several daughter cells (exocytes), which liberate from the pseudovagina by the apical opening. Rarely divides the whole cell into daughter cells. The upper ("fertile") part of the cell can separate from the "basal" part and divide into the exocytes several times.
Ultrastructure:
Taxonomic position, higher hierarchy:
Cyanophyceae, Chroococcales, Chamaesiphonaceae
Notes to taxonomy, misinterpretations:
Ecology, ecophysiology, ecological significance:
Komárek (1992): Nine species are marine, occurring in littorals of different seas, mainly attached to other algae. Three freshwater species are known from the periphyton of algae and submerged plants in creeks and from littorals of pools and lakes from the northern temperate zone.
Physiology and biochemistry:
Distribution, endemism, problematic citations:
Reference strain:
Infrageneric scheme, species concept:
List of species:
Chamaecalyx algarvensis (Ardré) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1995
Chamaecalyx calyculatus Gold-Morgan et al. 1996
Chamaecalyx clavatus (Setchel et Gardner) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1986
Chamaecalyx fucicolus (Saunders) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1986
Chamaecalyx incrassatus (Lemmermann) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1986
Chamaecalyx leibleiniae (Reinsch) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1986
Chamaecalyx papuanus L. Hoffmann 1992
Chamaecalyx pedicelatus (J. et G. Feldmann) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1986
Chamaecalyx suffultus (Setchel et Gardner) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1986
Chamaecalyx swirenkoi (Širšov) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1986
List of stains:
Keys:
Application technology:
Drawings:
Komárek 1992
Literature:

  2.1 taxonomy: Geitler 1932 (sub Dermocarpa), Feldmann & Feldmann 1953 (sub Dermocalpella), Ardre 1960 (sub  Dermocarpella), Starmach 1966 (sub Dermocarpa), Geitler 1967 (sub Dermocarpa), Ardre 1969 (sub  Dermocarpella), Bourrelly 1970 (sub  Dermocarpa), Waterbury & Stanier 1978 (sub Dermocarpella), Munsterhjelm 1982 (sub Cyanocystis), Hindák 1983 (sub Dermocarpa), Bourrelly 1985 (sub Dermocarpa), Komárek & Anagnostidis 1986, Komárek 1992, Komárek & Anagnostidis 1998
  2.2 cytomorphology:
  2.3 16S rRNA sequencing:
  2.4 biology and life cycles:
  2.5 ecology: