Aphanothece
| Generic name: APHANOTHECE Nägeli, 1849, nom. cons. Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Gesamten Naturwiss. 10(7): 59. | ||||||||||
| Synonyms: COCCOCHLORIS Sprengel, 1807. Fl. Hal. Mant. 1: 14. ;Drouet & Daily (1956); Sprengel, Linn. Syst. Vegetabil., ed. 16,4(1): 314. 1827. APHANOTHECE Sectio Coccochloris Sprengel ex Kirchner in Engler & Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam., cd. 1, 1(la): 55. 1898. APHANOTHECE Subgenus Coccochloris Kirchner ex Forti, Syll. Myxophyc., p. 76. 1907. MICROCYSTIS - Macroscopicae Elenkin, Not. Syst. lnst. Crypt. Horti Bot. Petropol. 2: 67. 1923. MICROCYSTIS - Macroscopicae Subgenus Eucoccochloris Elenkin, loc. cit. 1923. ] MICROCYSTIS Unterabtheilung Anacystis Kutzing, Tab. Phyc. 1: 7. 1846. ANACYSTIS Meneghini, 1837. Consp. Algol. Eugan., p. 324; Drouet & Daily (1956); Meneghini, Consp. Algol. Eugan., p. 324. 1837. POLYCYSTIS Sectio Anacystis Hansgirg, Prodr. Algenfl. Bohmen 2: 144. 1892.] |
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| Diagnosis: | ||||||||||
| Type species: Aphanothece microscopica Nageli, 1849. - From more than 80 described species are about 25 well defined. [Drouet & Daily (1956); Type species: Coccochloris stagninaSpreng.; Anacystis marginata Menegh. ] |
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| Descriptions: Komárek et Anagnostidis (1998): Colonies multicellular, micro- to macroscopic (up to several centimeters in diameter), with cells arranged irregularly, loosely or densely in common mucilage, gelatinous, spherical or (usually) amorphous, greenish, blue-green or brown. Common mucilage fine, colourless, homogeneous and diffluent (subg. Anathece), or distinct, delimited, more or less smooth on the surface, structureless (subg. Cyanogastrum), or in marginal parts lamellate and yellowish or yellow- brown (rarely reddish), with cells in their own indistinct or distinct and/or lamellose, delimited envelopes (subg. Aphanothece). Cells widely oval to cylindrical (rod-shaped) with rounded ends, rarely oval-fusiform, straight or slightly arcuate, sometimes with clearly visible chromatoplasma; in a few planktic species solitary aerotopes occur facultatively. Komárek (1992): Unicellular - colonial; colonies many-celled, micro- or macroscopic (up to several cm in diameter), mucilaginous, irregularly spherical or irregular, with cells irregularly, scarcely or densely arranged through the whole colony, greenish, bluish, brownish or reddish coloured; colonial slime diffluent or (rather) limited, usually without structure, colourless or near the surface yellowish, yellow-brownish or reddish coloured (particularly in aerophytic species); cells quite without own mucilaginous envelopes (subg. Anacystis) or facultatively (especially in the marginal parts of colonies) with their own, fine, sometimes concentrically lamellated mucilaginous envelopes (subg. Aphanothece). Cells widely oval, oval, ellipsoidal or rod-like, straight or slightly curved, with rounded ends, in one species with facultative aerotopes, pale greyish plue-green, pale to bright blue-green or reddish, sometimes with visible chromatoplasma (peripheral location of thylakoids). Geitler (1932): Zellen ellipsoidisch bis zylindrisch-stäbchenförmig, gerade oder leicht gekrümmt, zu vielen in mehr oder weniger formlosen, gallertartigen bis schleimigen Lagern vereinigt, in homogener Gallerte, manchmal mit engen oder blasigen, niemals ineinander-r geschachtelten, aber manchmal geschichteten Hüllen, welche mehr oder weniger zerfließen. Teilung quer zur Längsachse. Zellen regellos nach allen Raumrichtungen gelagert. Gelegentlich Nannocytenbildung. |
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| Genotype differences, molecular data: | ||||||||||
| Reproduction strategies, life cycles, cell division: Komárek et Anagnostidis (1998): Cell division by binary fission (mainly cleavage) in one plane in successive generations, perpendicular to the longitudial cell axis; In several species the daughter cells shift immediately after the division from the longitudinal position, giving the impression of "oblique" or "longitudinal" division. In several species facultative nanocyte production has been recorded. Reproduction by fragmentation of colonies, sometimes even into solitary cells. Komárek (1992):Division of cells always only in one (cross) direction, perpendicular to the lengthwise axis in. successive generations; however, sometimes move the daughter cells from the long axis already during the division process, particularly in small-celled species with oval cells. Reproduction by the disintegration of colonies (sometimes to solitary cells or small groups of cells). It is known the nanocyte production in several species. |
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| Ultrastructure: | ||||||||||
| Taxonomic position, higher hierarchy: Cyanophyceae, Chroococcales, Synechococcaceae, Aphanothecoideae Notes to taxonomy, misinterpretations: |
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| Ecology, ecophysiology, ecological significance: Komárek (1992):Widely distributed genus with species, limited usually by very specific ecological conditions. They live epipelic in stagnant waters (A. stagnina, A. nidulans), in soils (A. pallida), subaerophytic on wet rocks and walls (A. castagnei, A. caldariorum, A. saxicola), several fine species are planktic (A. minutissima, A. brevis, or A. elabens with facultatively developed aerotopes), and several characteristic species were described from salinic environments (A. halophytica, A. rubra, etc.). A. bullosa and A. thermicola are known from thermal springs. |
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| Physiology and biochemistry: |
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| Distribution, endemism, problematic citations: |
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| Reference strain: |
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| Infrageneric scheme, species concept: |
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| List of species: Aphanothece atro-crustacea Skuja 1964 Aphanothece bacilloidea Gardner 1927 Aphanothece bacteriosa Komárek et Komárková-Legnerová 2006 Aphanothece bachmannii Komárková-Legnerová et Cronberg 1994 Aphanothece biceps Skuja 1964 Aphanothece botryosa Obuchova 1965 Aphanothece bullosa (Meneghini) Rabenhorst 1865 Aphanothece caldariorum Richter 1880 Aphanothece castagnei (Brébisson) Rabenhorst 1865 Aphanothece clathrata W. et G.S. West 1906 Aphanothece cohenii Campbell et Golubić 1985 Aphanothece comasii Komárková-Legnerová et Tavera 1995 Aphanothece conglomerata Rich 1932 Aphanothece curvata Lagerheim 1883 Aphanothece cylindracea (Gardner) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1995 Aphanothece desikacharyi Hindák 1995 Aphanothece elabens (Brébisson in Meneghini) Elenkin 1938 Aphanothece endophytica (W. et G.S. West) Komárková-Legnerová et Cronberg 1994 Aphanothece floccosa (Zalessky) Cronberg et Komárek 1994 Aphanothece gardneri de Toni 1936 Aphanothece goetzei Schmidle 1901 Aphanothece granulosa (Gardner) Komárek et Komárková-Legnerová 2006 Aphanothece hardersii Schiller 1956 Aphanothece hegewaldii Kováčik 1988 Aphanothece karukerae Lami 1938 Aphanothece krumbeinii Campbell et Golubić 1985 Aphanothece lemnae Chu 1952 Aphanothece marina (Ercegović) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1995 Aphanothece maritima Johansen et Flechtner in Flechtner, Johansen et Belnap 2008. Western North American Naturalist 68: 415 Aphanothece microscopica Nägeli 1849 Aphanothece minor Frémy 1941 Aphanothece minutissima (W. West) Komárková-Legnerová et Cronberg 1994 Aphanothece nebulosa Skuja 1964 Aphanothece nidulans Richter in Wittrock et Nordstedt 1884 Aphanothece opalescens Gardner 1927 Aphanothece pallida (Kützing) Rabenhorst 1863 Aphanothece parallelliformis Cronberg 2004 Aphanothece protohydrae Häyrén in Luther 1923 Aphanothece pseudoglebulenta Joosten 2006 Aphanothece sacrum (Suringer) Okada 1953 Aphanothece salina Elenkin et Danilov 1915 Aphanothece saxicola Nägeli 1849 Aphanothece smithii Komárková-Legnerová et Cronberg 1994 Aphanothece stagnina (Sprengel) A. Braun in Rabenhorst 1863 Aphanothece stratus Komárek et Cronberg 2001 Aphanothece subsalina Komárek et Komárková-Legnerová 2006 Aphanothece thermalis Copeland 1936 Aphanothece thermicola Hindák 1978 Aphanothece uliginosa Taylor 1928 Aphanothece utahensis Tilden 1898 Aphanothece variabilis (Schiller) Komárek 1995 Aphanothece zulanirae Werner et Sant' Anna 2000 Unclear taxa: |
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| Keys: | ||||||||||
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Drawings: Komárek(1992) |
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Literature:
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