Aphanocapsa
| Generic name: APHANOCAPSA Nägeli, 1849. Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Gesammten Naturwiss. 10(7): 52. | ||||||||||
| Synonyms: APLOCOCCUS Roze, 1896. J. Bot. 10: 319-323. |
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| Diagnosis: | ||||||||||
| Type species: Aphanocapsa parietina Nageli, 1849. - More than 60 described species, about 20 well defined | ||||||||||
| Descriptions: Komárek, Anagnostidis (1998): Colonies microscopic, more or less spherical, irregular or flat, in several species macroscopic, irregular, usually with numerous, sparsely or densely, irregularly arranged cells; colonial mucilage mainly colourless, more or less homogeneous with indistinct margin, or (particularly in macroscopic colonies) firm, formless, I but clearly delimited; cells without individual gelatinous envelopes or occasionially (in firm colonies) with narrow, diffluent individual envelopes. Cells more or less spherical, after division hemispherical, without aerotopes. Cell wall S-layer of hexagonal lattice (identified in few small-celled species). Komárek (1992): Unicellular - colonial; colonies many-celled, irregular, usually amorph, microscopic (mainly benthic, planktic,periphytic, meta- phytic) or macroscopic (periphytic, aerophytic, epipelic), gelatinous, with irregularly, loosely or densely distributed cells; mucilage colourless, fine, diffluent or limited (in small, microscopic colonies), rarely yellowish, brownish or bluish (mainly in macroscopic colonies); cells without own mucilaginous envelopes. Cells spherical, after division hemispherical, pale greyish-blue or blue-green, rarely bright blue-green or olive-green, sometimes with visible chromatoplasma (peripheral location of thylakoids), in planktic species rarely with aerotopes (revision I); sometimes with granular content or with several prominent granules. Geitler (1932):Zellen kugelig oder fast kugelig, meist zu vielen in formlosen, weichen, oft mehrere Zentimeter großen Gallertlagern vereinigt, meist lose gelagert, in farbloser, homogener Gallerte eingebettet, aber oft mit einer dünnen, mehr oder weniger zerfließenden Spezialhülle umgeben, welche auch um Tochterzellen (um zwei vier, seltener um mehrere) als gemeinsame Hülle ausgebildet sein kann. Ineinanderschachtelung der Hüllen kommt nicht (oder nur ganz ausnahmsweise) vor. Gelegentlich Nannocyten-bildung. Zellen regellos angeordnet. |
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| Genotype differences, molecular data: | ||||||||||
| Reproduction strategies, life cycles, cell division: Komárek, Anagnostidis (1998):Cell division by binary fission in two perpendicular planes in successive generations (mainly cleavage); cells remain sometimes in groups together after division (in twos or tetrads). Reproduction by colony disintegration. In a few species facultative nanocyte production is recorded. Komárek (1992):Cell division always in two perpendicular planes in successive generations; the daughter cells separate soon one from another within the colonial mucilage and grow into the original size and spherical shape before the next division. Reproduction by the disintegration of colonies, sometimes up to small groups of cells, and by solitary cells liberated from a colony. |
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| Ultrastructure: | ||||||||||
| Taxonomic position, higher hierarchy: Cyanophyceae, Chroococcales, Merismopediaceae, Merismopedioideae Notes to taxonomy, misinterpretations: |
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| Ecology, ecophysiology, ecological significance: Komárek (1992):Majority of species grows in periphyton, benthos and metaphyton of stagnant and streaming freshwater biotopes (usually with clear water, common in lakes), several species are known from the sea littoral (psammon, periphyton), thermal springs, or from subaerophytic or submerse endolithic biotopes. Very characteristic species grow subaerophytically on wet rocks and walls or among mosses in moors and peaty bogs. Planktic species need the revision. (type of cell division). Distributed allover the world, but several species are ecologically sharply limited and occur in geographically limited areas of distribution. |
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| Physiology and biochemistry: |
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| Distribution, endemism, problematic citations: |
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| Reference strain: |
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| Infrageneric scheme, species concept: |
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| List of species: Aphanocapsa albida Zeller 1873 Aphanocapsa arctica Whelden 1947 Aphanocapsa benaresensis Bharadwaja 1935 Aphanocapsa botryoides Copeland 1936 Aphanocapsa concharum Hansgirg 1890 Aphanocapsa conferta (W. et G.S. West) Komárková-Legnerová et Cronberg 1993 Aphanocapsa crassa Ghose 1927 Aphanocapsa cumulus Komárek et Cronberg 2001 Aphanocapsa delecatissima W. et G.S. West 1912 Aphanocapsa elachista W. et. G.S. West 1894 Aphanocapsa elegans (Lemmermann) Joosten 2006 Aphanocapsa farlowiana Drouet et Daily 1942 Aphanocapsa feldmannii Frémy 1933 Aphanocapsa fonticola Hansgirg 1890 Aphanocapsa fusco-lutea Hansgirg 1892 Aphanocapsa grevillei (Berkeley) Rabenhorst 1865 Aphanocapsa holsatica (Lemmermann) Cronberg et Komárek 1994 Aphanocapsa howei Collins 1920 Aphanocapsa hyalina (Lyngbye) Hansgirg 1892 Aphanocapsa incerta (Lemmermann) Cronberg et Komárek 1994 Aphanocapsa intertexta Gardner 1927 Aphanocapsa litoralis (Hansgirg) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1995 Aphanocapsa koordersii Stroem 1923 Aphanocapsa marina Hansgirg 1890 Aphanocapsa muscicola (Meneghini) Wille 1919 Aphanocapsa nubilum Komárek et Kling 1991 aphanocapsa orae (Kosinskaja) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1995 Aphanocapsa parasitica (Kützing) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1995 Aphanocapsa parietina Nägeli 1849 Aphanocapsa plactonica (G.M. Smith) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1995 Aphanocapsa protea (Copeland) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1995 Aphanocapsa raspaigellae (Hauck) Frémy 1933 Aphanocapsa reinboldii (Richter) Komárek et Anagnostidis 1995 Aphanocapsa rivularis (Carmichael) Rabenhorst 1865 Aphanocapsa roeseana De Bary 1870 Aphanocapsa salina Woronichin 1929 Aphanocapsa salinarum Hansgirg 1887 Aphanocapsa sideroderma Naumann 1922 Aphanocapsa stagnalis (Lemmermann) Joosten 2006 Aphanocapsa testacea Nägeli 1849 Aphanocapsa thermalis Brügger 1863 Aphanocapsa tolliana Copeland 1936 Aphanocapsa venezuelae Schiller 1952 Aphanocapsa zanardinii (Hauck) Hansgirg 1899 Excludenda: |
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| Keys: | ||||||||||
| List of stains: | ||||||||||
| Application technology: |
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Drawings: Komárek (1992) |
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Literature:
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